Elizabeth was succeeded by James I (reigned until 1625). She was a patron of the arts and several poems have been credited to her. Marriage would have upset the delicate political relationships she maintained with one foreign or domestic group or another. Queen Elizabeth continued… Elizabeth was a skilled diplomat who dealt effectively with foreign governments, factions at home, and Parliament. The “Darnley Portrait” of Queen Elizabeth 1 (ca. Mary, Queen of Scots, was involved and executed when the plot was uncovered. The Babington Conspiracy of 1586 refers to a plot to assassinate Elizabeth. Despite her success, the age was openly skeptical about a woman’s ability and right to rule. Elizabeth’s reign was generally marked by peace, economic prosperity, and social advancement. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, who was executed three years after Elizabeth’s birth. Queen Elizabeth Elizabethan England takes its name from Queen Elizabeth, who lived from 1533-1603, reigning from 1558-1603. Ireland was declared a kingdom under English rule in 1541, but was more a source of trouble than of economic strength. Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the world from 1577-1581, and the English founded its first permanent colony in America with Jamestown in 1607. The English took pride in their nation’s overseas exploration and empire expansion. England was a proud nation that had begun to forge a strong national identity. Shakespeare’s England continued … Epidemics and plagues resulted from the unsanitary conditions. City houses were small and crowded, and the streets narrow and filthy. But London Bridge also displayed the heads of executed traitors. London Bridge was a fashionable thoroughfare with shops festively decorated for certain occasions. The city had trees, gardens, and meadows. The heart of London stretched for a couple of miles at most. Travel within England was slow because of poor roads and dangerous because of highway robbers. Shakespeare’s England continued … New domestic comforts included chimneys, metal dishes, carpets, windows, beds, and pillows. A Marriage Feast at Bermondsey by Joris Hoefnagel (ca. Mining and timber were expanding industries. Agriculture was the chief means of livelihood. The arts and sciences flourished, and increased contact with other nations led to new styles of living, new fashions, new art forms (the sonnet), and a broader vocabulary (which Shakespeare eagerly appropriated). OTHELLO PLOT FULLThe English Renaissance was in full bloom. Shakespeare’s England At the time of Shakespeare, England was a small nation by modern standards, with a population of about five million. William Shakespeare Othello, the Moor of Venice 34 Othello Powerpoint presentation English 102
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